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Taekwondo
Taekwondo (태권도; 跆拳道; Korean pronunciation: [tʰɛkwʌndo])[a] is a
Korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea. In
Korean, tae (태, 跆) means "to strike or break with foot"; kwon
(권, 拳) means "to strike or break with fist"; and do (도, 道) means
"way," "method," or "art." Thus, taekwondo may be loosely
translated as "the art of the foot and fist" or "the art of
kicking and punching."
As many other arts, it combines combat techniques, self-defense,
sport, exercise, and in some cases meditation and philosophy. In
1989, Taekwondo was claimed as the world's most popular martial
art in terms of number of practitioners.[dubious – discuss][1]
Gyeorugi (pronounced [ɡjʌɾuɡi]), a type of sparring, has been an
Olympic event since 2000.
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There are two branches of taekwondo development:
* "Traditional taekwondo" typically refers to the martial art
as it was established in the 1950s and 1960s in the South
Korean military;[2] in particular, the names and symbolism of
the traditional patterns often refer to elements of Korean
history.
* "Sport taekwondo" has evolved in the decades since then and
has a somewhat different focus, especially in terms of its
emphasis on speed and competition (as in Olympic sparring).
Sport taekwondo is in turn subdivided into two main styles;
One derives from Kukkiwon, the source of the sparring system
sihap gyeorugi which is now an event at the summer Olympic
Games and which is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation
(WTF). The other comes from the International Taekwon-Do
Federation (ITF).[3]
Although there are doctrinal and technical differences between
the two main styles and among the various organizations, the
art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance,
employing the leg's greater reach and power (compared to the
arm). Taekwondo training generally includes a system of
blocks, kicks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also
include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks.
Some taekwondo instructors also incorporate the use of
pressure points, known as jiapsul, as well as grabbing
self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such
as hapkido and judo.
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