|
Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Kentucky to Thomas
and Nancy Lincoln. The family moved to Indiana and 8 year old
Abe helped his father build another log house. A year later
his mother died and the house was very empty. His father
remarried and in addition to his sister Sarah, who was 3 years
older, there were now 3 more children in the family.
Lincoln had less than a year of schooling. Books were scarce
and so was paper. He worked his arithmetic problems on a board
and cleaned the board with a knife so he could use it again.
The family owned a Bible and he spent many hours reading it.
He would copy parts of it in order to memorize it. Sometimes
he would walk for miles to borrow a book. One of his favorite
books was "The Life of George Washington".
By the time he was 17, he knew he wanted to be a lawyer. He
would walk 17 miles to the county courthouse in order to watch
the lawyers work. He sat in the back of the courtroom and
watched them as they shook their fists and became red in the
face. Then he would go home and think about what he had seen.
When he was 21 years old he moved to Illinois and spent a year
laboring on a farm. It is said that he and his fellow-laborer
split 3,000 rails in that year 1830. He also managed a
flat-boat on the Ohio River
Every time he got a new job he would try to work on a skill
which would help him when he became a lawyer. When he was a
shopkeeper he tried to be honest and fair. Once he
shortchanged * a woman by 6 cents, and he followed her home so
he could give the money back to her.
When he was a postmaster, he tried to learn how to get along
with people well.
When he was a surveyor; * a person who measured land, he tried
to always be accurate in his measurements.
He still wanted to be a lawyer. He would go without sleep in
order to study. He would borrow books from a neighbor in the
evening, read them by the light of the fireplace, and take
them back in the morning. In 1836 he passed the test and
became a lawyer.
It was during this time he was he was elected to the Illinois
legislature. * by the Whig party. He became good at debating
and public speaking. He had many debates with John Calhoun
regarding the tariff question. They spoke before large
audiences, sometimes as long as four hours.
Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas participated in several debates
concerning the question of slavery. They had a previous
encounter at the State Fair in Springfield, Illinois. Lincoln
would lose the senate race, but would win over Douglas in the
1860 presidential race.
Once a woman wrote an article containing some ridiculing
remarks about General James Shields. The editor spoke to
Lincoln about it and Lincoln said, "Tell him I wrote it."
That's what he did and Shield challenged Lincoln to a duel
with Lincoln's choice of weapons. On the appointed day Lincoln
arrived with a sword in one hand and a hatchet in the other. A
man, John J. Hardin, stopped the fight before it started. The
event possibly changed the course of the nation's history.
He was inaugurated * president in March of 1861. Five weeks
later the Civil War began. It was a fight about slavery.
Lincoln wanted the United States to remain one nation. It was
in danger of being divided into two nations; the North and the
South.
Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Photo by David Bjorgen
In his 1860 inaugural address, he said: "I have no purpose,
directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of
slavery in the states where it exists. I believe I have no
lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
Two years later, President Lincoln wrote: "My paramount object
in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to
save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without
freeing any slave I would do it; and if I could save it by
freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.
What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I
believe it helps to save the Union (Letter to Horace Greeley,
August 22, 1862)."
He quoted from the Bible," A house divided against itself
cannot stand." He was able to realize both of his goals. In
1863 he issued the Emancipation * Proclamation freeing the
slaves in the Southern states, and the country was able to
remain a united nation. Eventually all the slaves in the
United States became free.
We get an insight into the life of Abraham Lincoln when we
read an article which appeared in an Athens, Ohio newspaper
June 8, 1860 .
On April 14, 1865 President Lincoln and Mrs. Lincoln were
attending a play at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. While
there he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, an actor with
extremist views concerning politics and slavery. There had
been a conspiracy by Booth and his cohorts to not only kill
the president, but also William Henry Seward, and Andrew
Johnson, the vice-president. The attack on Seward failed and
the one on Johnson was never carried out. The president, after
being shot, was carried to a house across the street from the
theater and died nine hours later. Booth was killed by one of
the men trying to apprehend him.
Of all the presidents, Abraham Lincoln is the one in whom
there is the greatest continuing interest. School children
study him, historians debate his life and legacy, and people
collect memorabilia about him.
Post Comment |
